La liberté | Dominique Perrault Architecture

Sono due le torri de “La liberté”, il complesso a uso misto progettato dal francese Dominique Perrault. Costruita su un lotto ampio 10.230 mq all’interno del “Ring Zuid Groningen” (l’anello pedonale esterno alla città), la struttura è composta da due edifici rispettivamente alti 80 e 40 metri, per un totale di 23.400 mq costruiti. Due le funzioni del complesso: social housing e terziario. Pur avendo altezza differente, entrambi gli edifici si sviluppano nello stesso modo: gli uffici occupano il basamento vetrato della torre, posto all'altezza delle vicine case popolari realizzate nel secondo dopoguerra. Seguono i livelli intermedi, occupati da un terrazzo alto cinque metri che collega una torre all’altra attraverso una passerella sopraelevata. Infine, nei livelli più elevati delle torri, sono inseriti gli appartamenti. Nero, bianco e grigio sono in colori che caratterizzano la pelle del complesso. Sezioni in acciaio lucido sono inserite perpendicolarmente alla facciata, in modo da “moltiplicare” la percezione del palazzo, creare differenti prospettive e condurre più luce negli interni. Architect Dominique Perrault Architecture, Paris, France • associated architect Oving Architekten, Groningen • engineering Dijkhuis Groningen (structures), Zonderman B.V. (electrical engineering), Feenestra (heating and ventilation systems), Gevekebouw B.V. (general contractor) location Laan van der Vrijheid, Groningen, The Netherlands site area 10 230 m² built area 23 400 m² La Liberté”, social housing and office building, has been realized within a constant collaboration between the client, the architect and the City of Groningen. The project is a strong symbol of the urban renewal and the social development of the city. New signal in the landscape, “La Liberté” has known an immediate success: all the apartments are already rented! Groningen, a young city, numbered among the 10 important cities of the Netherlands, is been developing since 2004 a housing campaign called “The Intense City”. By avoiding the suburbanization, protecting the rural areas and guaranteeing quality urban spaces, the municipality wishes to keep the city compact and alive. Already strengthened by this new urban vision for Groningen, the city has launched afterwards the Ring Zuid Groningen initiative, to develop more particularly the neighbourhoods lining the main highway of the country, Weg der Verenidge Naties, located in the South of Groningen. This new strategy, encouraged by the Ministry of Transports, the province and the City of Groningen, is a major issue in the urban and social renewal of the city, but also in the environmental area. First of all, this highway, acting as a real urban border, will be gradually trenched and “divided up” in order to improve and intensify the urban circulations and links. Around the highway, the city has recommended high rise architecture in order to create and preserve green spaces at the bottom of the constructions. The preservation of those green spaces and their connections will allow an ecologic lane, opened to everyone and guaranteeing a new bio diversity. In parallel, the city has started to work with different property developers for the realisation of office and/or social housing buildings and to appoint international architects. Several projects are under construction and in particular some offices by Un Studio and some housing by Mecanoo. So, the Christelijke Woningstichting Patrimonium Company has ordered in 2007 to Dominique Perrault the construction of two mix-used buildings, rental social housing and offices, in the south-west of the city. Located at the outskirts of Groningen, the parcel is surrounded by typical post war social housing blocks. Dominique Perrault will take advantage of the urban context to create the volumes of “La Liberté”. As the request was to build high up, the architect leans on this horizontality to create a crescendo of volumes. The project comprises the construction of two square plan buildings: one tower of approximately 80 meters (tower A), and another of 40 meters high (tower B). The buildings are both made up of a platform, entirely in glass, independent, with the same height (R+2) and accommodating the offices. As they are not taller than the nearby blocks, the platforms respect and extend their horizontality. Then, two blocks, with different heights, seem to be floating above the platforms and accommodate the housings. Here the architect plays with the volumes: actually the tower A is made up of two volumes of housing with equivalent proportions, and slightly shifted. It seems that the architect has piled up different volumes, one on the others: one volume of offices and one volume of housing for the tower B, one volume of offices and two shifted volumes of housing for the tower A. The housing blocks are hanging above the offices thanks to a 5 meters high terrace. In this “in-between”, only a core, sheltering the common spaces, brings an easy transition between the private spaces and the offices. At last, a footbridge, located at the same level and opened to the users, links up the both towers. Through the treatment of the façades, Dominique Perrault creates a real dialogue between the both buildings and between the project and its urban environment. Whatever the viewpoint, the façades of the three housing blocks never offer the same treatment of colours – black, grey and whites. These shades of colour strengthen the stack impression and energize the city skyline. Moreover some polished steel panels are placed perpendicularly to the facades, which punctuate the façades and multiply the perceptions of the building. Dominique Perrault delivers here social housings of quality, offering substantial dimensions and spaces. Each level has 5 apartments; all the apartments have 3 rooms and a wide average surface area. The Dutch law enforces a totally deaf façade for the apartments facing the highway. This housing can’t have any opening window and there is no ventilation. Dominique Perrault plays with this imposition by articulating these apartments around glass inner loggias. These loggias, totally mobile and equipped with sophisticated filters, work as a real protection against noise pollution. Finally the polished steel panels, set up at the loggias level, capture natural light and reflect it towards the apartments. These mirrors also offer to the residents an alternative outdoor vision. “La Liberté” counts 120 apartments, split up in 15 different types with about 40 variants. So the high rise construction allows free spaces at the bottom of the buildings. At the North of the building, and to answer to the order, Dominique Perrault lays out the ecologic garden designed to develop the local flora and fauna. Opened to everyone, it will be integrated into the city ecologic way. A “meditative” garden will be created at the South of the buildings. It will be a space offered and opened to everyone. Dominique Perrault introduces here many levels of dialogue: between the project and its urban environment; between the both towers through their architectural treatment; between the public and the private spaces through easy transitions allowing the exchange between the residents and the people working in the offices. Dominique Perrault realizes a building opened to the city: through this artful manipulation of differences in scale these buildings have been designed to become a new landmark signal, creating a new urban landscape. program • tower A: 80m high / 22 floors / 13 000 m² - ground floor to 2nd floor : 1 800 m² office space - 3rd floor : common space : 400 m² canteen for office use leisure room for housing - 4th floor to 21th floor : social housing : 10 800 m² 90 apartments divided into 30 different spatial distributions • tower B: 40m high / 10 floors / 5 800 m² - ground floor to 2nd floor : 1 800 m² office space - 3rd floor : common space : 400 m² canteen for office use multipurpose room for housing - 4th to 9th floor : social housing : 3 600 m² 30 apartments divided into 15 ddifferent spatial distributions • ecologycal garden : 3 800 m² green area that is inscribed and regulated by the Ring Zuid Groningen initiative • public green area : 3 800 m² public green space for common use • car park : 4 675 m² / 187 vehicles underground car park for 177 vehicles + 10 parking places on surface